Statistical standards

The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities

This series presents internationally-agreed methodological guidelines and proposals for the collection, reporting and use of data and indicators on science, technology and innovation (STI). This series of statistical manuals is popularly known as the “Frascati family” of manuals, by reference to the Italian town where the first of these manuals was agreed in 1962 by the OECD Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators. Manuals in this series, comprising other topics such as the measurement of inventions, innovation activities or STI-related human resources, are periodically revised to take into account new challenges and developments in respective areas. The scope of the series will also continually expand in line with developments in the field.

Frascati Manual 2015

Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development

The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling R&D statistics.

The 2015 edition contains improved guidelines reflecting recent changes in the way R&D takes place and is funded and the wider use of R&D statistics and definitions. It provides new chapters dedicated to the pratical aspects of collecting R&D data in different sectors, as well as new guidance on capturing different aspects of public support for R&D such as tax incentives. Frascati Manual - OECD

Oslo Manual 2018

Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition

What is innovation and how should it be measured? Understanding the scale of innovation activities, the characteristics of innovative firms and the internal and systemic factors that can influence innovation is a prerequisite for the pursuit and analysis of policies aimed at fostering innovation. First published in 1992, the Oslo Manual is the international reference guide for collecting and using data on innovation. In this fourth edition, the manual has been updated to take into account a broader range of innovation-related phenomena as well as the experience gained from recent rounds of innovation surveys in OECD countries and partner economies and organisations.

Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition | en | OECD

Compendium of Bibliometric Science Indicators, 2016

The 2016 OECD Compendium of Bibliometric Science Indicators brings together a collection of statistics depicting trends and the structure of scientific production across OECD countries and other major economies. This report was prepared in partnership between the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (DSTI) and the SCImago Research Group (CSIC, Spain).

Guidelines for surveys on the Careers of Doctorate Holders, 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k4dnq2h4n5c-en

Third edition of the technical guidelines used in the framework of the Careers of Doctorate Holders project.

Contributed publications

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard

The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard is a biennial publication series that draws on the latest internationally comparable data to uncover the strengths of the OECD and other leading economies in relation to science, technology, innovation and industry. It features indicators traditionally used to monitor developments in science, technology, innovation and industry, and complements them with new and experimental indicators that provide new insights into areas of policy interest. The aim of the STI Scoreboard is not to “rank” countries or develop composite indicators. Instead, its objective is to provide policy makers and analysts with the means to compare economies with others of a similar size or with a similar structure and to monitor progress towards desired national or supranational policy goals. It draws on OECD efforts to build data infrastructure to link actors, outcomes and impacts, and highlights the potential and limits of certain metrics, as well as indicating directions for further work.

Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook

The STIO Outlook is a biennial series that reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation (STI) policy in OECD countries and several major partner economies.This series relies on the latest academic work in the field, as well as research and innovation statistical data, and data on wider trends and issues, making extensive use of country responses to the European Commission/OECD International Survey on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (https://stip.oecd.org).

The OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2021 is the latest in a series that reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation (STI) policy in OECD countries and several major partner economies. This edition focuses on the COVID-19 pandemic, which has triggered an unprecedented mobilisation of the science and innovation communities. https://doi.org/10.1787/75f79015-en

The Digitalisation of Science, Technology and Innovation

Key Developments and Policies

This report examines digitalisation’s effects on science, technology and innovation and the associated consequences for policy. In varied and far-reaching ways, digital technologies are changing how scientists work, collaborate and publish. NESTI contributes to this publication through the chapter on "How are science, technology and innovation going digital? The statistical evidence".

Measuring the Digital Transformation

A Roadmap for the Future

Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future provides new insights into the state of the digital transformation by mapping indicators across a range of areas – from education and innovation, to trade and economic and social outcomes – against current digital policy issues, as presented in Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives. In so doing, it identifies gaps in the current measurement framework, assesses progress made towards filling these gaps and sets-out a forward-looking measurement roadmap. The goal is to expand the evidence base, as a means to lay the ground for more robust policies for growth and well-being in the digital era.

Measuring Innovation: A New Perspective

The Measuring Innovation monograph was one of the key pillars of the 2010 OECD Innovation Strategy. It described the broad ranging nature of innovation. It complements traditional “positioning”-type indicators with ones that show how innovation is, or could be, linked to policy.  It also recognises that much more remains to be done, and points to the  measurement challenges statisticians, researchers and policy makers alike need to address.

The volume builds on 50 years of indicator development by OECD and goes beyond R&D to describe the broader context in which innovation occurs. It includes experimental indicators that provide insight into new areas of policy interest, and highlights measurement gaps to propose directions for advancing the measurement agenda.